{"id":9990,"date":"2022-03-28T11:30:48","date_gmt":"2022-03-28T09:30:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/englishbusstg.wpenginepowered.com\/?p=9990"},"modified":"2025-09-30T20:49:31","modified_gmt":"2025-09-30T18:49:31","slug":"english-plurals","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/englishbusiness.de\/en\/blog\/english-plurals\/","title":{"rendered":"English plurals and where they come from"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id='av-layout-grid-1'  class='av-layout-grid-container av-rogoyq-0031dddbd671bf5491f7743ff4ae8778 entry-content-wrapper main_color av-flex-cells  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first   container_wrap sidebar_right'  >\n<div class='flex_cell av-p31502-019cbf34198df1a81c315cafb26b699c av-gridrow-cell av_one_fifth no_margin  avia-builder-el-1  el_before_av_cell_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-first ' ><div class='flex_cell_inner'><\/div><\/div><div class='flex_cell av-nbr6tu-509e783a376ddc99ae929c634f61c474 av-gridrow-cell av_three_fifth no_margin  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_cell_one_fifth  el_before_av_cell_one_fifth ' ><div class='flex_cell_inner'><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-jw64h57r-0cc84e98dc888cfe8aa1aae21622660e\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-jw64h57r-0cc84e98dc888cfe8aa1aae21622660e{\nheight:50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-jw64h57r-0cc84e98dc888cfe8aa1aae21622660e hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-3  el_before_av_heading  avia-builder-el-first '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_heading-8ab064eabee27a1bcce392e6e7e4813d\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-8ab064eabee27a1bcce392e6e7e4813d{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-8ab064eabee27a1bcce392e6e7e4813d .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-av_heading-8ab064eabee27a1bcce392e6e7e4813d .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-av_heading-8ab064eabee27a1bcce392e6e7e4813d av-special-heading-h1  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_hr '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag'  itemprop=\"headline\"  >English plurals and where they come from<\/h1><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kghq78dt-d0beab5181e65331c268fec185a9d4dd\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-kghq78dt-d0beab5181e65331c268fec185a9d4dd{\nheight:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-kghq78dt-d0beab5181e65331c268fec185a9d4dd hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-5  el_after_av_heading  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-khd6ouia-2e4a8bef09a0043f67f661dcbca524cb '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><em>There are a few rules for forming plural nouns in English, and many exceptions to this rule! Learners of a second language are often familiar with the exceptions and have to learn them individually, as painful as that is, but where do these exceptions come from? Is it random or is there a linguistic reason behind it? Let\u2019s take a look at some examples.<\/em><\/p>\n<h2>How are plurals formed in English?<\/h2>\n<p>There are some basic rules for forming plurals in English. We know that most of the time, you add an -s (cat, cats), sometimes an -es (tax, taxes). And then there are the times a -y turns into an -ies (city, cities,) or an -f turns into a -ves (wolf, wolves). An -o turns into an -oes (tomato, tomatoes), and an<br \/>\n-is turns into an -es (axis, axes). There are some other weird ones, like an -us turning into an -i (fungus, fungi), and an -on turning into an -a (phenomenon, phenomena). It might seem like a small issue, but getting these kinds of things right can make a big difference to how your English skills are perceived by your clients, colleagues or customers. Check out our seminars <a href=\"https:\/\/englishbusiness.de\/communication-seminars\/\">here<\/a> if you think you need some extra help.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kghq78dt-d0beab5181e65331c268fec185a9d4dd\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-kghq78dt-d0beab5181e65331c268fec185a9d4dd{\nheight:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-kghq78dt-d0beab5181e65331c268fec185a9d4dd hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-7  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_image '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-jw2823qo-67a8d50354cbd252025c56ede6734d87\">\n.avia-image-container.av-jw2823qo-67a8d50354cbd252025c56ede6734d87 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-jw2823qo-67a8d50354cbd252025c56ede6734d87 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-jw2823qo-67a8d50354cbd252025c56ede6734d87 av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-8  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_hr '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" class='wp-image-10016 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-10016 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/englishbusiness.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Plural-1.jpg\" alt='' title='Plural'  height=\"400\" width=\"700\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/englishbusiness.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Plural-1.jpg 700w, https:\/\/englishbusiness.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Plural-1-300x171.jpg 300w, https:\/\/englishbusiness.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Plural-1-450x257.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kghq78dt-d0beab5181e65331c268fec185a9d4dd\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-kghq78dt-d0beab5181e65331c268fec185a9d4dd{\nheight:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-kghq78dt-d0beab5181e65331c268fec185a9d4dd hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-9  el_after_av_image  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-jw2840sd-a46ab5df0baa4ba1772e8ac5ed70f824 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2>Regular vs irregular<\/h2>\n<p>It is important to note that there are exceptions to most if not all of these rules! There are also some nouns that don\u2019t change at all in the plural \u2013 context is what will tell you what you need to know in these cases. There are so many of these in English because of the language\u2019s roots. It has evolved a lot over time and been influenced by and borrowed from so many languages that a lot of inconsistent bits and pieces remain. We\u2019ll look into a few irregularities below.<\/p>\n<h3>Goose\/geese and moose\/moose<\/h3>\n<p>The word \u201cmoose\u201d did not enter the English lexicon until this language was widely spoken in North America (where moose are found), sometime in the 17<sup>th<\/sup> century. According to the Oxford Dictionary, it comes from Eastern Abnaki, a dialect of Algonquian, a Native American language spoken in Quebec and the surrounding areas. It keeps the same plural ending it had in its original language instead of adopting the normal plural rules for English nouns. \u201cGoose\u201d becomes \u201cgeese\u201d just as \u201ctooth\u201d and \u201cfoot\u201d become \u201cteeth\u201d and \u201cfeet\u201d for a similar reason \u2013 because they are rooted in an ancient form of German and align more closely with that language\u2019s pluralisation rules.<\/p>\n<h3>Mouse\/mice and house\/houses<\/h3>\n<p>The same applies to the mouse\/mice conundrum. And sometimes, there is no special reason for it. \u201cMouse\u201d and \u201chouse\u201d both come from a German root, but they follow different pluralisation rules because they have had different paths through the English language. This is the nature of a language that is constantly changing, borrowing and adapting. Exception: when talking about an electronic mouse attached to your computer, it\u2019s acceptable to use \u201cmouses\u201d for the plural!<\/p>\n<h3>Cactus\/cacti and octopus\/octopodes\/octopi\/octopuses<\/h3>\n<p>This one is a difference in the root languages of these words. The word \u201ccactus\u201d comes from Latin, and the English pluralisation of words like this with an -i is a remnant of the Latin rules. This is not a hard and fast rule anymore (English is full of inconsistencies) and some have been abandoned in common language (you don\u2019t often hear or read \u201cfoci\u201d or \u201csyllabi\u201d).<\/p>\n<p>People often think \u201coctopus\u201d belongs with this group of words as well, but it actually has Greek roots. The rule of mimicking the root pluralisation (which would give us \u201coctopodes\u201d, although this is a very infrequent variation) wasn\u2019t originally used, with various sources from the 19<sup>th<\/sup> century either adopting the more common Latin root rule of words ending in -us pluralised with -i (\u201coctopi\u201d) or opting for the English rule of pluralisation of adding an -es to words ending in \u201cs\u201d (\u201coctopuses\u201d). If you\u2019re interested in the details, Merriam-Webster has published <a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/words-at-play\/the-many-plurals-of-octopus-octopi-octopuses-octopodes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a very helpful summary<\/a> of the friendly debate about the \u201ccorrect\u201d plural of \u201coctopus\u201d. It is possible that either \u201coctopuses\u201d or \u201coctopi\u201d will eventually win out as correct, because if a word is commonly used and understood, this should be the case. After all, English is a good example that languages are constantly evolving. But that\u2019s a story for another blog post.<\/p>\n<p>If you\u2019re in any doubt about this or any other question to do with English, our experts at EnglishBusiness are always willing to help. <a href=\"https:\/\/englishbusiness.de\/contact\/\">Get in touch<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kghq78dt-d0beab5181e65331c268fec185a9d4dd\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-kghq78dt-d0beab5181e65331c268fec185a9d4dd{\nheight:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-kghq78dt-d0beab5181e65331c268fec185a9d4dd hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-11  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_hr '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kghq78dt-d0beab5181e65331c268fec185a9d4dd\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-kghq78dt-d0beab5181e65331c268fec185a9d4dd{\nheight:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr 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0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-7jyyg-46e65adea268034478255e3989107c2c av_four_fifth  avia-builder-el-16  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_hr  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  '     ><p><section  class='av_textblock_section av-kojxjfeh-d201d979412f804cbd26f3d3b20b5494 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>This post was written by<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/englishbusiness.de\/blog\/author\/rebecca-hill\/\"><b>Rebecca Hill<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kojxijrz-c8968fca2af86c3ea2ab1474c38ca48f\">\n.avia-image-container.av-kojxijrz-c8968fca2af86c3ea2ab1474c38ca48f img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-kojxijrz-c8968fca2af86c3ea2ab1474c38ca48f 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avia-icon-pos-left'><a href='https:\/\/twitter.com\/englishbusiness?lang=de' target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class='av-icon-char' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue8f1' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-jw64h57r-0cc84e98dc888cfe8aa1aae21622660e\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-jw64h57r-0cc84e98dc888cfe8aa1aae21622660e{\nheight:50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-jw64h57r-0cc84e98dc888cfe8aa1aae21622660e hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-27  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_sidebar '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div id='after_grid_row_1'  class='main_color av_default_container_wrap container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page 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el_before_av_cell_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-first ' ><div class='flex_cell_inner'><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-4vdxyw-0e52abacfe194c98057f37a49a5527c7\">\n.flex_cell.av-4vdxyw-0e52abacfe194c98057f37a49a5527c7{\nvertical-align:top;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_cell.av-4vdxyw-0e52abacfe194c98057f37a49a5527c7{\npadding:30px 30px 30px 30px !important;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_cell av-4vdxyw-0e52abacfe194c98057f37a49a5527c7 av-gridrow-cell av_three_fifth no_margin  avia-builder-el-32  el_after_av_cell_one_fifth  el_before_av_cell_one_fifth ' ><div class='flex_cell_inner'>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-5ualwp-2f81f3e6ee30b31d61e73cb2e55156f9\">\n.flex_column.av-5ualwp-2f81f3e6ee30b31d61e73cb2e55156f9{\n-webkit-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n-moz-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-5ualwp-2f81f3e6ee30b31d61e73cb2e55156f9 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-33  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  '     ><p><section  class='av_textblock_section av-jozq17ik-c6853285194359f8de34531aab363000 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Other interesting articles:<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div  class='av-alb-blogposts template-blog  av-blog-meta-category-disabled '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Blog\" ><article class=\"post-entry post-entry-type-standard post-entry-12485 post-loop-1 post-parity-odd single-small with-slider post-12485 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-press-releases\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" ><div class=\"blog-meta\"><a href='https:\/\/englishbusiness.de\/en\/blog\/englishbusiness-announces-strategic-partnership-with-deepl-to-empower-clients-with-safe-informed-ai-translation-solutions\/' class='small-preview'  title=\"EnglishBusiness Announces Strategic Partnership with DeepL to Empower Clients with Safe, Informed AI Translation Solutions\"   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"180\" height=\"180\" src=\"https:\/\/englishbusiness.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/negotiation_to_win-180x180.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-4050 avia-img-lazy-loading-4050 attachment-square size-square wp-post-image\" alt=\"Negotiating to Win\" srcset=\"https:\/\/englishbusiness.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/negotiation_to_win-180x180.jpg 180w, https:\/\/englishbusiness.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/negotiation_to_win-80x80.jpg 80w, https:\/\/englishbusiness.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/negotiation_to_win-36x36.jpg 36w, https:\/\/englishbusiness.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/negotiation_to_win-120x120.jpg 120w, https:\/\/englishbusiness.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/negotiation_to_win-450x450.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 180px) 100vw, 180px\" \/><span class=\"iconfont\" aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue836' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'><\/span><\/a><\/div><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix standard-content'><header class=\"entry-content-header\"><div class=\"av-heading-wrapper\"><h2 class='post-title entry-title '  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href=\"https:\/\/englishbusiness.de\/en\/blog\/englishbusiness-announces-strategic-partnership-with-deepl-to-empower-clients-with-safe-informed-ai-translation-solutions\/\" rel=\"bookmark\" title=\"Permanent Link: EnglishBusiness Announces Strategic Partnership with DeepL to Empower Clients with Safe, Informed AI Translation Solutions\">EnglishBusiness Announces Strategic Partnership with DeepL to Empower Clients with Safe, Informed AI Translation Solutions<span class=\"post-format-icon minor-meta\"><\/span><\/a><\/h2><span class=\"blog-categories minor-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/englishbusiness.de\/en\/blog\/category\/press-releases\/\" rel=\"tag\">Press Releases<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/header><span class=\"av-vertical-delimiter\"><\/span><div class=\"entry-content\"  itemprop=\"text\" ><div class=\"read-more-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/englishbusiness.de\/en\/blog\/englishbusiness-announces-strategic-partnership-with-deepl-to-empower-clients-with-safe-informed-ai-translation-solutions\/\" class=\"more-link\">Read more<span class=\"more-link-arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div><span class=\"post-meta-infos\"><time class=\"date-container minor-meta updated\"  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"2025-09-16T21:47:57+02:00\" >16 September 2025<\/time><span class=\"text-sep\">\/<\/span><span class=\"blog-author minor-meta\">by <span class=\"entry-author-link\"  itemprop=\"author\" ><span class=\"author\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/englishbusiness.de\/en\/blog\/author\/anthonyl\/\" title=\"Posts by Tony\" rel=\"author\">Tony<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><div class='post_delimiter'><\/div><\/div><div class=\"post_author_timeline\"><\/div><span class='hidden'>\n\t\t\t\t<span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='url'>https:\/\/englishbusiness.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/negotiation_to_win.jpg<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='height'>840<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='width'>1440<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"publisher\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Organization\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='name'>Tony<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='logo' itemscope itemtype='https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='url'>https:\/\/englishbusiness.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/1_Logo_EB_4c_Claim_grau_M_300dpi_25cm.png<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"author\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Person\" ><span itemprop='name'>Tony<\/span><\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"2025-09-16T21:47:57+02:00\" >2025-09-16 21:47:57<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"dateModified\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/dateModified\" >2025-09-30 20:49:23<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"mainEntityOfPage\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/mainEntityOfPage\" ><span itemprop='name'>EnglishBusiness Announces Strategic Partnership with DeepL to Empower Clients with Safe, Informed AI Translation Solutions<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/article><article class=\"post-entry post-entry-type-standard post-entry-8318 post-loop-2 post-parity-even single-small with-slider post-8318 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-translation tag-copy-writing tag-international-business tag-translation-business\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" ><div class=\"blog-meta\"><a href='https:\/\/englishbusiness.de\/en\/blog\/translation-or-localisation-how-to-tailor-texts-to-the-global-market\/' class='small-preview'  title=\"Translation or localisation? How to tailor texts to the global market\"   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"180\" height=\"180\" src=\"https:\/\/englishbusiness.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Writing-for-international-markets-180x180.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-8319 avia-img-lazy-loading-8319 attachment-square size-square wp-post-image\" alt=\"Writing for international markets\" srcset=\"https:\/\/englishbusiness.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Writing-for-international-markets-180x180.jpg 180w, https:\/\/englishbusiness.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Writing-for-international-markets-80x80.jpg 80w, https:\/\/englishbusiness.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Writing-for-international-markets-36x36.jpg 36w, https:\/\/englishbusiness.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Writing-for-international-markets-120x120.jpg 120w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 180px) 100vw, 180px\" \/><span class=\"iconfont\" aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue836' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'><\/span><\/a><\/div><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix standard-content'><header class=\"entry-content-header\"><div class=\"av-heading-wrapper\"><h2 class='post-title entry-title '  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href=\"https:\/\/englishbusiness.de\/en\/blog\/translation-or-localisation-how-to-tailor-texts-to-the-global-market\/\" rel=\"bookmark\" title=\"Permanent Link: Translation or localisation? How to tailor texts to the global market\">Translation or localisation? How to tailor texts to the global market<span class=\"post-format-icon minor-meta\"><\/span><\/a><\/h2><span class=\"blog-categories minor-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/englishbusiness.de\/en\/blog\/category\/translation\/\" rel=\"tag\">Translation<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/header><span class=\"av-vertical-delimiter\"><\/span><div class=\"entry-content\"  itemprop=\"text\" ><div class=\"read-more-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/englishbusiness.de\/en\/blog\/translation-or-localisation-how-to-tailor-texts-to-the-global-market\/\" class=\"more-link\">Read more<span class=\"more-link-arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div><span class=\"post-meta-infos\"><time class=\"date-container minor-meta updated\"  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"2023-06-07T12:30:49+02:00\" >7 June 2023<\/time><span class=\"text-sep\">\/<\/span><span class=\"blog-author minor-meta\">by <span class=\"entry-author-link\"  itemprop=\"author\" ><span class=\"author\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/englishbusiness.de\/en\/blog\/author\/rolf-heckenenglishbusiness-de\/\" title=\"Posts by Rolf Hecken\" rel=\"author\">Rolf Hecken<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><div class='post_delimiter'><\/div><\/div><div class=\"post_author_timeline\"><\/div><span class='hidden'>\n\t\t\t\t<span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='url'>https:\/\/englishbusiness.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Writing-for-international-markets.jpg<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='height'>400<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='width'>700<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"publisher\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Organization\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='name'>Rolf Hecken<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='logo' itemscope itemtype='https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='url'>https:\/\/englishbusiness.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/1_Logo_EB_4c_Claim_grau_M_300dpi_25cm.png<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"author\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Person\" ><span itemprop='name'>Rolf Hecken<\/span><\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"2023-06-07T12:30:49+02:00\" >2023-06-07 12:30:49<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"dateModified\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/dateModified\" >2025-09-30 20:49:24<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"mainEntityOfPage\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/mainEntityOfPage\" ><span itemprop='name'>Translation or localisation? How to tailor texts to the global market<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/article><article class=\"post-entry post-entry-type-standard post-entry-8325 post-loop-3 post-parity-odd post-entry-last single-small with-slider post-8325 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-business-communication tag-active-listening tag-communication-in-the-workplace tag-english-for-daily-business\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" ><div class=\"blog-meta\"><a href='https:\/\/englishbusiness.de\/en\/blog\/telephone-skills\/' class='small-preview'  title=\"Why (and how) you should still master telephone skills in 2023\"   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"180\" height=\"180\" src=\"https:\/\/englishbusiness.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Telephone-communication-180x180.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-8327 avia-img-lazy-loading-8327 attachment-square size-square wp-post-image\" alt=\"Telephone communication\" srcset=\"https:\/\/englishbusiness.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Telephone-communication-180x180.jpg 180w, https:\/\/englishbusiness.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Telephone-communication-80x80.jpg 80w, https:\/\/englishbusiness.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Telephone-communication-36x36.jpg 36w, https:\/\/englishbusiness.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Telephone-communication-120x120.jpg 120w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 180px) 100vw, 180px\" \/><span class=\"iconfont\" aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue836' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'><\/span><\/a><\/div><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix standard-content'><header class=\"entry-content-header\"><div class=\"av-heading-wrapper\"><h2 class='post-title entry-title '  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href=\"https:\/\/englishbusiness.de\/en\/blog\/telephone-skills\/\" rel=\"bookmark\" title=\"Permanent Link: Why (and how) you should still master telephone skills in 2023\">Why (and how) you should still master telephone skills in 2023<span class=\"post-format-icon minor-meta\"><\/span><\/a><\/h2><span class=\"blog-categories minor-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/englishbusiness.de\/en\/blog\/category\/business-communication\/\" rel=\"tag\">Business communication<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/header><span class=\"av-vertical-delimiter\"><\/span><div class=\"entry-content\"  itemprop=\"text\" ><div class=\"read-more-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/englishbusiness.de\/en\/blog\/telephone-skills\/\" class=\"more-link\">Read more<span class=\"more-link-arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div><span class=\"post-meta-infos\"><time class=\"date-container minor-meta updated\"  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"2023-05-05T11:01:29+02:00\" >5 May 2023<\/time><span class=\"text-sep\">\/<\/span><span class=\"blog-author minor-meta\">by <span class=\"entry-author-link\"  itemprop=\"author\" ><span class=\"author\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/englishbusiness.de\/en\/blog\/author\/rolf-heckenenglishbusiness-de\/\" title=\"Posts by Rolf Hecken\" rel=\"author\">Rolf Hecken<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><div class='post_delimiter'><\/div><\/div><div class=\"post_author_timeline\"><\/div><span class='hidden'>\n\t\t\t\t<span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='url'>https:\/\/englishbusiness.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Telephone-communication.jpg<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='height'>400<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='width'>700<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"publisher\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Organization\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='name'>Rolf Hecken<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='logo' itemscope itemtype='https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='url'>https:\/\/englishbusiness.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/1_Logo_EB_4c_Claim_grau_M_300dpi_25cm.png<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"author\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Person\" ><span itemprop='name'>Rolf Hecken<\/span><\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"2023-05-05T11:01:29+02:00\" >2023-05-05 11:01:29<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"dateModified\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/dateModified\" >2025-09-30 20:49:25<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"mainEntityOfPage\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/mainEntityOfPage\" ><span itemprop='name'>Why (and how) you should still master telephone skills in 2023<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/article><\/div><\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" 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